Most will immediately recognize the name William Wallace and associate the Scottish icon with the movie "Braveheart," starring Mel Gibson. Much of the film is historically inaccurate, including relationships, titles, dress, and the implied death of his father, who was indeed alive during William Wallace's adulthood.

Despite the film's deviations from historical records, Braveheart does attempt to frame a timeline that reflects William Wallace's resistance against English rule in the late 13th century. The movie begins with Wallace's childhood in Scotland and the death of his father, which differs from historical accounts. It goes on to depict Wallace's return to Scotland as an adult after years abroad, his marriage and tragic loss of his wife, Murron, which fuels his rebellion. In defiance, Wallace leads the Scots in the Battle of Stirling Bridge in 1297, achieving a significant victory despite the film omitting the bridge's crucial role in the battle. The romantic subplot involving the French Princess Isabella is pure fiction, as she would have been a child at the time of these events. Wallace's eventual betrayal and execution in 1305 are portrayed in the film's climax, accurate in their depiction of his death if not the complex political machinations leading up to it.

Clarifying the Saga: The real history of William Wallace (1270-1305), Scottish hero and leader during the First War of Scottish Independence, is layered with both triumph and tragedy. Wallace's journey began in Elderslie, Scotland, during a tumultuous period of English dominance over the country. His rise to prominence occurred in 1297 when he led the Scots to a remarkable victory at the Battle of Stirling Bridge where his innovative tactics highlighted Scottish national resilience.

Appointed Guardian of Scotland, Wallace's influence was significant, but fleeting, as he ultimately faced defeat at the Battle of Falkirk in 1298. His subsequent years were marked by resilient guerrilla warfare against the English, embedding him as a significant figure in the Scottish quest for independence.

His storied resistance, however, came to a brutal end with his capture near Glasgow in 1305. He was swiftly tried and condemned for high treason and executed in a harrowing manner by the English crown. Despite his gruesome fate, Wallace remains an enduring symbol of Scottish defiance against foreign rule and continues to inspire the country's quest for sovereignty.

Photo: Wallace's trial in Westminster Hall. Painting by Daniel Maclise. Source: Public Domain.

Wallace's Final Days: William Wallace evaded the iron grasp of English forces for years; however, the shadow of betrayal followed him as closely as his enemies. On the fateful day of 5 August 1305, it was John de Menteith, a Scottish knight pledged to King Edward, who turned the tide of fate against Wallace. In the darkness of pre-dawn at Robroyston, near Glasgow, Wallace was apprehended and ensnared by English soldiers—a moment of infamy marked by a Celtic cross monument today. The evidence of his international support was unveiled as letters from Haakon V of Norway, Philip IV of France, and John Balliol, asserting Wallace's role as a diplomat, were found in his possession. These documents, symbols of a struggle that transcended the borders of Scotland, were promptly delivered to an eager Edward I by John de Segrave.

Fettered by chains, Wallace was paraded to London and presented at Westminster Hall. His indictment was for treason against a crown to which he had never sworn fealty, reinforced by accusations of unfettered wartime atrocities; charges of such nature drawing modern legal scholars' attention as an early case of war crimes prosecution. The legal proceedings that ensued were not only historic for their outcome but stood the test of time as one of the rare medieval instances raising considerations akin to today's international humanitarian law.

The twilight of Wallace's life culminated on 23 August 1305, as he was dragged naked through the streets of London to Smithfield's Elms. The barbarity of medieval justice was on full display as he endured hanging, emasculation, and evisceration before a merciless crowd. His demise was sealed with beheading and quartering, a grotesque spectacle with his tar-dipped head mounted on London Bridge and his limbs exhibited across Scottish and English cities as a ghastly reminder of the cost of rebellion. This spectacle of savagery against a backdrop of the silent London Bridge was, perhaps, the closing chapter of Wallace's tale, yet his legacy endured far beyond his severed limbs. A plaque near St. Bartholomew's Hospital commemorates the site of his execution, brandishing not just Latin and Gaelic inscriptions reminding of the enduring quest for liberty but also symbolizing defiance in the face of oppression.

In portraying Wallace, it is vital to peel away the layers of romanticization and convey his story accurately. While the film "Braveheart" captured the imagination of many, it did a disservice to the nuance and complexity of Wallace's actual life and times. His unbreakable spirit in the face of adversity and his final sacrifice cemented his place in Scottish hearts as a true guardian of the nation's sovereign spirit.

Bibliography

"History: William Wallace (c. 1270 - 1305)." BBC. Last modified July 1, 2011. https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/wallace_william.shtml.

"Scotland's Bravehearts - Robert the Bruce and William Wallace." Historic UK. Last modified November 15, 2023. https://www.historic-uk.com/HistoryUK/HistoryofScotland/William-Wallace-Robert-The-Bruce/.

"The Story of William Wallace." The Society of William Wallace. Accessed February 3, 2024. https://www.thesocietyofwilliamwallace.com/story.htm.