8 November 1944: The Battle of the Scheldt: The Forgotten Fight for Antwerp Ends

In the autumn of 1944, with Paris liberated and Allied forces advancing across France and Belgium, a sense of optimism permeated the Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force (SHAEF). The rapid pursuit of a seemingly defeated German army, however, created a severe logistical crisis. Supply lines, stretching precariously from the beaches of Normandy, could not sustain the momentum. The solution lay in the Belgian port of Antwerp, one of Europe's largest deep-water ports, captured intact by the British 11th Armoured Division on 4 September 1944. Yet, possessing the port was not enough; it was unusable as long as German forces controlled the Scheldt Estuary, the 50-mile waterway connecting Antwerp to the North Sea. Right: 'Buffalo' amphibious vehicles taking troops of the Canadian First Army across the Scheldt in Holland, September, 1944. Source: Wikimedia. The failure to immediately secure the approaches to Antwerp is considered one of the significant strategic errors of the…

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"Life or Death Belt?" by Randy Wells

The opening scenes of the 1998 war epic Saving Private Ryan depict several U.S. Army soldiers wearing what appears to be a strange-looking canvas belt around their waists both before and after disembarking from their landing craft to storm Omaha Beach on D-Day. Director Steven Spielberg went to great pains to ensure as accurate a portrayal of those events as possible…even down to the equipment worn by the actors. One of those equipment items was an innocuous device most soldiers wore around their waists. It was designed to act as a flotation device, much like the gray Kapok life jacket issued to U.S. Navy sailors during World War II. The soldiers called it the life belt. Right: U.S. Army issue life belt, author’s collection. Click to enlarge. Unlike U.S. Navy sailors who were issued and instructed to use the Kapok life jacket, U.S. Army personnel expected to take part in amphibious operations were issued the life belt.[1] However, a thorough search through U.S. Army field manuals…

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"6 June 1944: D-Day Through Two Different Lenses" by Scott Lyons

The images of the Normandy landings taken by photographers such as Life Magazine photographer Robert Capa and Coast Guard Chief Photographer’s Mate Robert F. Sargent are ingrained in the collective memory of World War II. These visual testimonies provide an insight into one of history's pivotal moments, laden with raw emotion, perilous endeavors, and unyielding courage. Sargent and Capa: Different Lenses on D-Day Robert F. Sargent captured "Into the Jaws of Death," an image enveloped with the same raw authenticity as Capa’s, portraying the immediate moments of troops braving the surf under fire. While Sargent remained on his landing craft, Capa dared further, stepping onto the deadly beach and documenting the soldiers' arduous progress amidst chaos and bombardment. Robert F. Sargent U.S. Coast Guard Chief Photographer’s Mate Robert F. Sargent (August 26, 1923 – May 8, 2012) served valiantly as a United States Coast Guard chief petty officer. With the critical function of a…

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"24 March 1944: 'Big X' and the Night of the Great Escape" by Scott Lyons

Stalag Luft III marked a significant chapter in the history of World War II, particularly for the captured Western Allied Air personnel it confined. Situated in Sagan, Lower Silesia, the camp acquired notoriety for its sand-rich soil, a strategic detail that rendered escape through tunneling a formidable challenge. Despite the physical barriers, the prisoners within — resilient and determined — orchestrated daring breakouts that have since become the stuff of legends.  On the night of 24th to 25th March 1944, under the pervading darkness, the notorious mass escape from Stalag Luft III, now etched into the annals of military history as 'The Great Escape’, was set into motion. Squadron Leader Roger Bushell, with his legal acumen, marshaled the efforts of the Escape Committee, leading the audacious plan to fruition. Group Captain Herbert Massey gave his crucial approval, recognizing that the unprecedented scale of the escape demanded the meticulous digging of not one but three…

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"11 May 1941: Destruction from the Skies: The Luftwaffe's Blitz Over the United Kingdom Ends" by Scott Lyons

The Blitz was a time of terror for the people of the United Kingdom during World War II. From 7 September 1940 to 11 May 1941--8 months and 5 days--German bombers conducted mass air attacks against towns, cities, and industrial targets, causing widespread devastation and destruction. Over 40,000 civilians were killed during the Blitz, with almost half of them in London, where more than a million houses were destroyed or damaged. The Blitz was launched by Adolf Hitler and Reichsmarschall Hermann Göring, the commander-in-chief of the Luftwaffe, in an attempt to force the British into submission. The Germans conducted mass air attacks against industrial targets, towns, and cities, beginning with raids on London towards the end of the Battle of Britain in 1940. The Luftwaffe had lost the Battle of Britain and the German air fleets were ordered to attack London, to draw RAF Fighter Command into a battle of annihilation. London was systematically bombed by the Luftwaffe for 56 of the…

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U.S. 326th Airborne Medical Company massacred outside Bastogne - December 19th, 1944.

If you've studied WWII at all, you've probably heard of the Waffen SS massacre of U.S. troops at Malmedy. Did you know a regular German Army unit also massacred troops? An Airborne Medical Company attached to the 101st Airborne as a clearing station for wounded was attacked on December 19th, a couple days after Malmedy. Troops from the 116th Panzer Division’s Reconnaissance Battalion came across the Medical camp at 10:30pm and opened fire. Even with Vehicles ablaze and the clear image of Red Crosses flickering in the flames they continued to fire for 15 minutes.   The ten minute video below covers the basics and shows the battlefield as it is today.   If you want to learn more, this link covers the history of the 326th including the massacre and the aftermath. 326th ABN Unit history

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January 1, 1945 was no picnic for American Airmen. Over 1000 Luftwaffe Aircraft attacked Allied Airfields in Operation Bodenplatte.

On January 1st, 1945, the German Luftwaffe launched Operation Bodenplatte (Baseplate) with 1,035 aircraft to attack Allied airfields in Northern France, Belgium and Holland. The plan was to cripple Allied Air Forces during a lull in the fighting of the Battle of Bulge. Originally scheduled for 16 December 1944, it was delayed due to bad weather.Secrecy was to tight that the Luftwaffe lost around 25% of their aircraft from friendly ground fire. The Luftwaffe achieved an element of surprise and tactical success. However, the destroyed Allied aircraft were mostly ground kills and replaced within a week. The Allies lost relatively few aircrews, but the Luftwaffe lost many pilots that were extremely hard to replace this late in the war. The war would be over for Germany in less than six months.The link below is a 44 minute video covering the air battle that day concentrating mostly on the battle for the airfield named Y29. Check it out!Operation Bodenplatte

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"23 January 1940: Bletchley Park's First Break into Enigma" by Scott Lyons

During the Second World War, one of the most guarded secrets of the Allies was the work done at a seemingly nondescript country house in Bletchley, Milton Keynes. This was Bletchley Park, which became the nerve centre of Allied code-breaking. The work done here helped to shorten the war by two to four years, and without it, the outcome of the war would have been uncertain. The establishment of Bletchley Park can be traced back to the First World War, during which the British intelligence broke the German diplomatic code. In the Second World War, the Germans had vastly improved their encryption systems, and the Allies were struggling to decipher them. The Enigma code was an encryption machine used by the Germans in sending secure messages. Although the Polish had broken the code before the war, the Germans changed the system, and this made it challenging to understand the code. Turing came up with a plan and, along with Gordon Welchman, built a machine that would help the codebreakers…

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"20 January 1944: Those Tricky Allies: The Ghost Army of World War II" by Scott Lyons

20 January 1944: Those Tricky Allies: The Ghost Army of World War II The 23rd Headquarters Special Troops, popularly known as the “Ghost Army,” was one of the most innovative and unique units of the United States Army during the Second World War. Officially designated as a tactical deception unit, the Ghost Army was responsible for misleading and deceiving the enemy by creating illusionary military formations and positions, thereby contributing significantly to the Allied victory in Europe. Activated on 20 January 1944, the Ghost Army comprised an authorized strength of 82 officers and 1023 men under the leadership of Colonel Harry L. Reeder, a veteran of the US Army. The unit was a top-secret project that was tasked with simulating two whole divisions, comprising approximately 30,000 men, using visual, sonic, and radio deception techniques. The Ghost Army achieved this daunting task by using fake tanks, sound trucks, fake radio transmissions, scripts, and pretense. The Ghost Army was…

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"7 March 1945: The Road to Berlin Opens: Battle of Remagen Begins" by Scott Lyons

The Battle of Remagen was a pivotal moment in the Allied invasion of Germany during World War II. This battle was fought in the small German town of Remagen across the River Rhine, which separated the Allies from Nazi Germany. The American Army's capture of the Ludendorff Bridge is considered to be a crucial turning point in the war. The capture of the Ludendorff Bridge over the Rhine provided the Allied forces with an unexpected and crucial crossing point into the German heartland, allowing them to rapidly establish a strong bridgehead on the eastern side of the river. This strategic victory enabled the Allies to transport five divisions across the Rhine into the Ruhr, Germany's industrial heartland. The capture of the bridge was a surprise to both American and German forces. The Germans had wired the bridge with explosives to impede any Allied crossing, but when they attempted to detonate the charges, only a portion of the explosives detonated. The Americans seized the bridge intact…

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